Unit+6

New Imperialism-the colonial expansion adopted by Europe's powers as well as Japan and the United States protectorate- a state or territory partly controlled by a stronger state exploit- use or manipulate to one's advantage indirect rule- Indirect rule is a type of European colonial policy in which the traditional local power structure is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure direct rule- Direct rule is the term for colonisation by installing leaders from the mother country into the government impose- compel to behave in a certain way regime- organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
 * 6.1**


 * 1) Beginning in the 1880s, European states began an intense scramble for overseas territory.
 * 2)  Imperialism is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
 * 3) Through “new imperialism,” European states sought nothing less than direct control over vast territories.
 * 4) As European affairs grew tense, states sought to acquire colonies abroad to gain an advantage over rivals.
 * 5) Some Europeans argued that they had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people.
 * 6) Britain wanted control of Burma(  **Republic of the Union of Myanmar** )in order to protect its possessions in India.
 * 7) To stop British moves into Vietnam, France decided in 1857 to force the Vietnamese to accept French protection.
 * 8) After the French conquest of Indochina, Thailand was the only remaining free state.
 * 9) President William McKinley decided to turn the Philippines into an American colony.
 * 10) In indirect rule, local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority.
 * 11) When local elites resisted the foreign conquest, direct rule was enacted, removing local rulers from power.
 * 12) Colonial policy stressed the export of raw materials as opposed to encouraging homegrown industries.
 * 13) While many early native resistance movements were overcome by Western powers, by the twentieth century, a new kind of resistance began to emerge that was based on the force of nationalism.
 * 14) The leaders of resistance to colonial rule were often the westernized intellectuals in the cities

annex- to add or extend conflicting- Being in opposition indigenous- native consequence- the outcome of an event
 * 6.2**

1. Which five European countries placed virtually all of Africa under European control between 1880 and 1900? -Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain.

2. What reforms did Muhammad Ali introduce during a 30-year reign in Egypt? -He introduced a series of reforms to bring Egypt into the modern world.

3. What did Great Britain believe concerning the Suez Canal? -They believed that the canal was it's "lifeline to India"

4. In 1879, France established control over which North African country? -The region of Algeria.

5. What humiliation did Italy suffer in North Africa in 1896? -They attempted to take over Ethiopia and were defeated being the only European state defeated by an African state.

6. By what means did King Leopold II of Belgium colonize Central Africa? -He rushed enthusiastically into the pursuit of an empire in Africa.

7. How were Britain and Germany’s competing claims over East Africa settled? -The Berlin Conference was called which settled their disputes.

8. What part did African delegates play in the Berlin Conference as their continent was being carved up by European powers? -NO African Delegates were present at the Berlin Conference.

9. What did the Boers believe was ordained by God in relation to racial differences? -They believed that white superiority was ordained by God. (SO WRONG, I'm sorry I just had to add my opinion. I can't believe that!)

10. Describe one of the major goals of Cecil Rhodes. -He wanted a series of British Colonies.

11. By 1914, which two African countries remained as non-colonized free states? -Liberia and Ethiopia.

12. What were some of the negative consequences of British indirect rule? -It was basically fraud because British made all the major decisions. It also kept the old African Elite in power.

13. Explain the “gap” between theory and practice in colonial policy. -Most other European nations governed their African possessions through a form of direct rule.

attitude- beliefs and feelings and values that make a person act a certain way sepoy- A native soldier of the East Indies, employed byEuropean colonial power transfer- move from one place to another viceroy- governor of a province who rules as the representative of their king
 * 6.3**

I. British power in India XXXXX while the power of XXXXX rulers declined. A. The British had their own XXXXX and XXXXX to maintain power. B. They hired Indian soldiers known as XXXXX to protect their interests. C. In 1857, Indian distrust of the British led to a revolt, the First War of XXXXX 1. A rumor spread that the British were issuing bullets greased with XXXXX and XXXXX fat. 2. Within a year, loyal Indian troops along with the British, crushed the XXXXX

II. The British ruled India directly through an official called a XXXXX. A. There were XXXXX to British rule. 1. It brought XXXXX and XXXXX to society. 2. It led to fairlyXXXXX and XXXXX government. B. There were XXXXX to British rule. 1. It brought economic hardship to millions as local XXXXX was destroyed. 2. Despite education, Indians were never considered XXXXX of the British.

III. In 1885, a group of Indians met to form the XXXXX. A. They began by calling for a share in the XXXXX process in India. B. In 1915, XXXXX became active in an independence movement. 1. He set up a movement based on XXXXX resistance. 2. Ultimately, Gandhi’s movement was successful in XXXXX all India.

IV. The tension in India that arose from British domination led to a XXXXX, as well as a political, awakening. A. XXXXX wrote a widely read novel that reflected an Indian people who admired and imitated the British, but who agonized over how to establish their own XXXXX.

1: Increased, Mogul 2: soldiers, forts 3: sepoys 4: Independence 5: cow, pig 6: rebellion 7: British Government 8: benefits 9: order and stability 10: honest, sufficient 11: costs 12: local industries 13: equals 14: Indian National Government 15: muslim 16: Mohandas Ghandi 17: non-violent 18: independence 19:cultural 20: Rabin-dranath Tagore, identity

creole- a person of European descent born in the West Indies or Latin America peninsulare- pure Spaniard residing in the New World dominate- be in control mestizo- <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">a person of mixed racial ancestry Monroe Doctrine- <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers caudillo- spanish term for "leader" emphasis- <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">special importance or significance expand- <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">become larger in size or volume or quantity
 * 6.4**

Political ideals stemming from the successful (1) XXXXX in North America were beginning to influence Latin America. When Napoleon overthrew the monarchies of Spain and Portugal, the authority of the (2) XXXXX and (3) XXXXX was weakened in their colonial empires. Between 1807 and 1825, revolutionary movements enabled most of Latin America to become (4) XXXXX

The first real hero of Mexican independence was (5) XXXXX. On September 16, 1810, a crowd of (6) XXXXX and (7) XXXXX, armed with clubs, machetes, and a few guns, formed a mob army to attack the Spaniards. In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain and became a (8) XXXXX in 1823. (9) XXXXX believed that the Spaniards must be removed from all of South America if any South American nation was to be free. Unsure of their pre- cise boundaries, the new nations went to war with one another to settle (10) XXXXX disputes. Soon after independence, strong leaders known as (11) XXXXX came into power, who ruled by military force.

As a result of the (12) XXXXX War, Cuba became a United States protectorate, and Puerto Rico was (13) XXXXX to the United States. The United States was granted control of a strip of land in Panama where they built the (14) XXXXX.

Many in Latin America saw the United States as a (15) XXXXX. A result of the prosperity from increased (16) XXXXX was growth in the middle sectors of Latin American society. These middle sectors sought liberal (17) XXXXX, not revolution. Once they had the right to vote, they generally sided with the (18) XXXXX elites.

1: Revolution 2: Spaniards 3: Portuguese. 4: independent 5: Miguel Hildago 6: Native Americans 7: Mestizos 8: Republic 9: Jose de san Martin 10: border 11: caudillos 12: Spanish-American 13: annexed 14: Panama Canal 15: 16: exports 17: reform 18: landholding